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Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Push and pull factors in Syrian migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2
Push and pull factors in Syrian movement - Essay Example The last force factor for the Refugees was helpful guide that happened somewhere in the range of 2010 and 2012. The officers that came battling for Bashar Assad, particularly because of Political and Economic factors.The pessimistic effect of this common war on the Syrians is that there were barely any individuals to go to work and keep up the development of the economy (Tarn, 155). The facilitating nations additionally confronted adverse effect because of this; there were an excessive number of individuals and subsequently barely any occupations. The enormous deluge of people hurt their economy by depleting their assets and furthermore to the United Nation countryââ¬â¢s assets. Another unfriendly effect of such movements was; the administration lost a portion of their expenses. Thus, Syria lost their populaces prompting different family difficulties and dangers. Children additionally lost their companions, parent lost their positions for a specific period, and there was less spac e in their homes as there was no enough cash for greater houses. This is credited to the way that these nations accommodated the displaced people. Lion's share of them moved to more secure nations like United Kingdom, United States of America, and furthermore Australia. The displaced people looked for these nations on the grounds that there were no wars in those nations. The positive effect for this is the facilitating nation got more residents to fill any accessible occupation, and this helped the economy. The common war likewise spilled to the neighboring nations, for example, Iraq and Iran. This caused the breakdown of Iraq and Syria also spreading the contention with the neighboring nations (The Lancet, 383).
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Proprioception Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers
Proprioception: How and Why There are five normal detects that are talked about and gained since the beginning: sight, hearing, taste, contact, and smell. The I-work, the cognizant piece of the cerebrum, is extremely mindful of these faculties. It willfully checks data acquired by these faculties so as to encounter the earth, and furthermore when a sufficient improvements has flagged consideration regarding these particular receptors. There are other similarly significant tangible frameworks set up that are basic for typical body working, yet these are not all that effectively perceived by the I-work in light of the fact that the sensory system keeps the information oblivious. One disregarded sense, known as proprioception, is as significant, if not increasingly significant as different faculties, for typical working. Proprioception is the procedure by which the body can change muscle constriction in prompt reaction to approaching data with respect to outer powers, by using stretch receptors in the muscles to monitor the joint situation in the body (1). Proprioception and kinesthesia, the impression of joint movement and speeding up, are the tangible input instruments for engine control and stance. Postulations instruments alongside the vestibular framework, a liquid filled system inside the inward ear that can feel the draw of gravity and enables the body to keep arranged and adjusted, are unwittingly used by the mind to give a consistent deluge of tactile data (2). The cerebrum would then be able to convey prompt and oblivious changes in accordance with the muscles and joints so as to accomplish development and parity. Why has the sensory system built up the feeling of proprioception, and for what reason is it an oblivious part of the tangible framework? Proprioception, likewise regularly alluded to as the s... ...tion is by all accounts one of the most entangled parts of the mind. Was the I-work one of the last viewpoints to develop in the human mind up to this point? On the off chance that so was it on the grounds that the necessities for endurance were cultivated by the species, proprioception permits development and eating is instinctual to the cerebrum? For what reason did advancement cause the human to build up the I-work? References 1)Proprioception, A streamlined diagram of anatomical structures and neurophysiological activities associated with joint dependability. http://www.umds.ac.uk/physiology/mcal/posture.html 2)Mixed up in Space, An article concerning how the vestibular and proprioceptor frameworks respond in space. http://science.nasa.gov/features/y2001/ast07aug_1.htm 3)Why can't this man feel whether he is standing up?, The account of limited's loss of proprioception http://www.apa.org/screen/jun98/touch.html
Thursday, August 13, 2020
Emetophobia Causes and Treatment
Emetophobia Causes and Treatment Phobias Types Print Causes and Treatment for Emetophobia By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on January 25, 2020 Enes Evren / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Causes Symptoms Complications Treatment View All Back To Top Emetophobia, or fear of vomiting, is surprisingly common. The phobia can begin at any age although many adults have suffered for as long as they can remember. Emetophobia may also be related to other fears, such as a fear of food, as well as conditions such as eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Causes of Emetophobia The fear of vomiting is often, but not always, triggered by a negative experience with vomiting. Although cases of stomach flu, overindulging in alcohol and food poisoning happen to everyone, it is easy to feel alone. The risk of emetophobia may be higher if you remember vomiting in public or experiencing a long night of uncontrollable vomiting. Some experts believe that emetophobia may be linked to worries about lack of control.?? Many people try to control themselves and their environment in every possible way, but vomiting is difficult or impossible to control. It sometimes happens at times and in places that are embarrassing or inconvenient, which can be highly distressing. Symptoms Interestingly, most people with emetophobia rarely, if ever, vomit. Some sufferers report that they have not thrown up since childhood. Yet they constantly worry that it might happen. If you have emetophobia, you may have developed certain behavioral patterns or even obsessions in an effort to keep yourself safe. You might be most comfortable in a particular room of your home, or even outside. You might sleep with a towel next to you in case you are ill overnight. You probably feel compelled to learn the most direct path to a restroom in any new building. You may be extremely anxious about long car trips. Many sufferers report that they feel safer when they do all the driving. Some are reluctant to carry passengers because they might see them vomit if they cannot reach a restroom in time. Many emetophobia sufferers experience frequent nausea and digestive upsets. These are extremely common symptoms of anxiety and can lead to a self-replicating cycle. You are afraid to vomit, and the fear causes nausea and stomach pain. This makes you feel like vomiting, which in turn makes you more afraid. Research indicates that this cycle may be the result of hyper-vigilant sensitivity to gastrointestinal symptoms and misappraisal of nausea and other GI symptoms.?? Complications Over time, you might develop additional fears or obsessions. Cibophobia, or fear of food, is common among many with emetophobia. You may worry that foods are not cooked or stored properly, which could lead to possible food poisoning. You might begin to severely restrict your diet or refuse to eat until you are completely full. Many sufferers feel that being full can lead to nausea and vomiting. In extreme cases, people might even develop tendencies toward anorexia. Many who suffer from emetophobia develop social anxiety or even agoraphobia, which is a fear of places or situations that might cause you to feel anxious, panicky or out of control.?? You might be reluctant to spend time with people for fear of vomiting in front of them. Alternately, you may be afraid that someone will vomit in front of you. It is not unusual to become highly afraid of other peopleâs vomit as well as your own. Treatment for Emetophobia Emetophobia can be somewhat complicated to diagnose and treat since many people simultaneously experience other phobias and anxiety disorders. Therefore, it is important to work with a trusted therapist with a broad range of experience. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help you confront your fears and replace your negative thoughts regarding vomiting.?? Hypnosis and relaxation techniques can help to reduce the feelings and symptoms of anxiety. Medications may be indicated in some cases. Find Help From the Best Online Therapy Programs Although it will take a great deal of work, emetophobia can be defeated. There is no reason that your life must be controlled by this powerful but treatable phobia.
Saturday, May 23, 2020
Europe Economic Crisis - 55278 Words
ISSN 0379-0991 Economic Crisis in Europe: Causes, Consequences and Responses EUROPEAN ECONOMY 7|2009 EUROPEAN COMMISSION The European Economy series contains important reports and communications from the Commission to the Council and the Parliament on the economic situation and developments, such as the Economic forecasts, the annual EU economy review and the Public ï ¬ nances in EMU report. Subscription terms are shown on the back cover and details on how to obtain the list of sales agents are shown on the inside back cover. Unless otherwise indicated, the texts are published under the responsibility of the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs of the European Commission, BU24, B-1049 Brussels, to which enquiriesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Preparing exit strategies now, not only for fiscal stimulus, but also for government support for the financial sector and hard-hit industries, will enhance the effectiveness of these measures in the short term, as this depends upon clarity regarding the pace with which such measures will be withdrawn. Since financial markets, businesses and co nsumers are forward-looking, expectations are factored into decision making today. The precise timing of exit strategies will depend on the strength of the recovery, the exposure of Member States to the crisis and prevailing internal and external imbalances. Part of the fiscal stimulus stemming from the EERP will taper off in 2011, but needs to be followed up by sizeable fiscal consolidation in following years to reverse the unsustainable debt build-up. In the financial sector, government guarantees and holdings in financial institutions will need to be gradually unwound as the private sector gains strength, while carefully balancing financial stability with competitiveness considerations. Close coordination will be important. ââ¬ËVerticalââ¬â¢ coordination between the various strands of economic policy (fiscal, structural, financial) will ensure that the withdrawal of government measures is properly sequenced -- an important consideration as turning points may differ across p olicy areas.Show MoreRelatedThe Global Economic Crisis Of The Middle Of 2007 And Europe From 2007-20091459 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction The finà °nÃ' ià °l crisis of 2007/2008 was not à ° Ã' à °sà µ of markets failing. Instà µÃ °d, it shows how markets ultimately rà µÃ' tify their internal shà ¾rtÃ' à ¾mings. The global economic crisis started in the middle of 2007 and lasted about five years. The crisis was triggered by the bursting of a housing bubble (Mishel, Bivens, Gould, Shierholz, 2012). It was characterized by massive withdrawal of investors from markets as a result of reduced confidence, volatile world stock markets and reduced liquidityRead MoreThe European Union : The Euro Crisis1318 Words à |à 6 PagesFor the last decade the European Union has struggle to hold itself together against multiple crisis and national rivalries of its member nations. The European Union (EU) has time and time again overcome these union breaking threats. However, since the American recession of 2008, the EU faces its greatest challenge of its short existence: the Eurozone crisis. The Euro, the monetary unit of t he EU, is falling due to the fiscal policies of the so called PIIGS nations: Portugal, Ireland, Italy, GreeceRead MoreCollapse Of The Us Mortgage Crisis1709 Words à |à 7 PagesDuring 2008, a series of economic disasters led to a worldwide debt crisis. All over the world, interest rates were at a record low. These low rates ââ¬Å"fuelled domestic spending and spurred inflation in wages and goodsâ⬠which encouraged people to take out loans and spend money they did not have (The Causes: A Very Short History of the Crisis). These easy credit conditions led to a debt bubble that inevitably burst with worldwide consequences. Following the collapse of the US mortgage market, LehmanRead MoreThe European Economic Recovery Plan1244 Words à |à 5 Pageswhole experienced significant economic slowdown in 2008, as reported by the EU commission . In response to this in 2008, the European Economic Recovery Plan (EERP) was launched. The plan aimed to increase demand by bolstering purchasi ng power, revive the labor markets, and raise confidence in the financial system. Since the EU is only a common currency union and not fiscal union, it limited the ability of EU leaders and institutions to respond. In result, the crisis escalated and in 2009 the EuropeanRead MoreThe Future Of The European Union1451 Words à |à 6 Pagesrecent years, the European Union has been challenged by a series of problems and crisis including slow economic growth and recession, the Greek debt crisis; the Ukrainian crisis, the ongoing migration and refugee crisis, the upcoming UK referendum and the terrorist threat. How these events will shape the future of the EU in the years to come, how Europe will look in the next decade and how they will exit the current crisis are the biggest questions that the Brussels, its institutions, leaders and itsRead MoreSimplified Chinese English German Traditional Chinese Essay1707 Words à |à 7 PagesCenter:Providing outstanding research papers download Home Management Education Economics Engineering Marketing Medicine Culture Science Computer Literature Political Legal English Philosophy Business Practical Accounting Work Plan Work Summary Fiscal Levy Securities Finance Financial Management Public Management Location:Research Papers Center economics papers International Trade papers papers Analysis of the European debt crisis continue to simmer China s influence and inspiration Papers Category:EconomicsRead MoreThe History of European Integration815 Words à |à 3 Pagesby political scientists, is a story in which visionary leaders and forward-looking nation states engaged in the critical adventure of designing a new Europe. In 1930s these prophets sought, but failed, to prevent the outbreak of the Second World War, therefore many initiations were taken to create a peaceful political and institutional order. Europe, potentially a political entity, took form through treaties and the resulting international organizations (George Bache, 2001). Some of the key markersRead MoreWorld War II : A Nation Of Devastation1260 Words à |à 6 PagesEuropean history, intracontinental business was very difficult to conduct between European countries. Generally, Europe was a continent set against itself, with many of its countries battling each other throughout history. As a rule, countries at war with each other do not trade with each other at a very high rateâ⬠¦ On top of that, there were a large variety of currencies throughout Europe. Thus, in order to trade, there were complicated exchange processes, in which countries would have to pay a feeRead MoreChange Comes At A Price1415 Words à |à 6 Pagescountry is a former Soviet Union republic located in the southeastern region of Europe, next to Romania. Its separation from the single-party communist state resulted in devastating economic consequences and increased number of people living in poverty. Moldova is considered the poorest country in Europe based on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. The economic crisis in Moldova is a result of the deteriorating economic and social conditions, which were caused by the collapse of the Soviet UnionRead MoreThe European Debt Crisis : A Financial Phenomenon That Affected Multiple Countries Around The World1633 Words à |à 7 PagesThe European debt crisis was a financial phenomenon that affected multiple countries around the world and the shockwave almost collapse the global market. One of the countries that were greatly impacted by the crisis was Spain. Some of the implications of the event caused unemployment to skyrocket, debating the role of the European Union and the state Catalonia is seeking their independence. Ultimately, the Euro Crisis showed the weakness of the European Union and debate if it would last into the
Tuesday, May 12, 2020
George Orwell s Animal Farm - 1151 Words
Where there is good, there is evil. This simply implies that whatever you choose to do there is a purpose, either good or bad, even if unintentional. Everything in life has choice, even down to what you choose to say to others. Words are more powerful than we could imagine. They can be used for greeting one another, complimenting one another, but the meaning behind words can be manipulated. In George Orwellââ¬â¢s novel, Animal Farm, he shows the worst of manipulation in a setting of war. He demonstrates that words are just as powerful as weapons. Not only is it an outstanding novel, but it warns us what words under propaganda can do, from ââ¬Å"Glitteringâ⬠to the ââ¬Å"Plain Folksâ⬠, and even evoking fear. Words allow the intelligent pigs to play the animals like puppets, and return them to slavery. Glittering, also known as basket words, appears several times in Animal Farm as slogans, and hopeful, but really, hollow words. Such example of propaganda quickly emerges in the beginning of the book with the seven commandments. However, the worst of this type of propaganda in the book emerges when Snowball announces: that the seven commandments would be reduced ââ¬ËFour legs good, two legs badââ¬â¢. He makes a great mistake, especially with the statement: ââ¬Å"This, he said, contained the essential principle of Animalism.â⬠(Orwell, pg 21). The sheep, partially controlled by Napoleon, begin to bleat it out unconsciously, as if they cannot think about what it really means. Like the melody of a song, theyShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm958 Words à |à 4 PagesImagine that you were an animal s or citizen living under Napoleon or Stalin rule and the fear that your life can be taken always from you at any time. In the novel of Animal Farm, George Orwell he wante d to show how a book is a sarcasm of the Russian Revolution during the communist years and the satire of that time between Trotsky and Stalin. Where Orwell chose to create his character base of the common people of Russia at the time of the Revolution. Animal Farm is a social or allegory about NapoleonRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1361 Words à |à 6 Pagesfarmer, but of late he had fallen on evil daysâ⬠(Orwell 38). In Animal Farm George Orwell describes life for the animals on a farm in the english countryside during the mid to early 20th century before, during and after a revolution against their master Mr.Jones in order to represent the russian revolution and describe to people throughout the free world how leaders in both capitalist and communist societies oppress the working class as a result Orwell s tone throughout the novel is concerned. TsarRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1392 Words à |à 6 Pages George Orwell Never Misuses Words In what was a vastly controversial novel published in 1945, George Orwellââ¬â¢s Animal Farm describes the horrific brand of communism in the Soviet Union and the conscious blindness that most of the West accepted at that time. Although Orwell labeled Animal Farm as a fairy tale, this historically parallel novel branches into the genres of political satire, fable, and allegory as well. What made Animal Farm so controversial among the ââ¬Å"British socialistsâ⬠and WesternRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1395 Words à |à 6 PagesGeorge Orwellââ¬â¢s Animal Farm: The Power of Corruption In George Orwellââ¬â¢s Animal Farm, Orwell illustrates how power corrupts absolutely and how Napoleon degrades the structure and stability of Animal Farm because of the decisions that he makes. I will also expand on the idea of how Old Majorââ¬â¢s ideas for an organized society get completely destroyed by Napoleonââ¬â¢s revolutionary actions. It was ironic and satirical that Napoleonââ¬â¢s own power annihilates Animal Farm. The satire in George Orwellââ¬â¢s AnimalRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm922 Words à |à 4 Pages In the novel Animal Farm, by George Orwell, the wisest boar of the farm, Old Major, mimics Karl Marx, the ââ¬Å"Father of Communism,â⬠and Vladimir Lenin, a Russian communist revolutionary. George Orwell introduces direct parallels between the respected figures through their mutual ideas of equality and profoundly appreciated qualities. Furthermore, his utilization of dialect and descriptions represent the key ideas of the novel. Throughout the novel, Orwell continues to show comparisons betweenRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1463 Words à |à 6 Pagesbut of late he had fallen on evil daysâ⬠(Orwell 38). In Animal Farm, George Orwell describes life for the animals on a farm in the English countryside during the mid to early 20th century before, during and after a revolution against their master, Mr.Jones. Orwell does this to represent the Russian revolution and describe to people throughout the free world how leaders in both capitalist and communist societi es oppress the working class. As a result Orwell s tone throughout the novel is concernedRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1645 Words à |à 7 PagesPeople respond to control and power differently for various reasons, however, one of the main reasons is based on their personality; their confidence and intelligence. In, Animal Farm by George Orwell, confidence and intelligence is a big factor for why certain animals obtained power and control and why other ones did not. People with confidence and intelligence are likely to gain most of the control and power. People with little intelligence, but lots of confidence are more likely to have someRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1449 Words à |à 6 Pagesconcept that the animals in George Orwellââ¬â¢s novel Animal Farm crave. The animals of Animal Farm want freedom from their ââ¬Å"dictatorâ⬠Farmer Jones and the rest of humanity. Their problem is that Farmer Jones and humanity are still in power. With the bravery of two pigs, Napoleon and Snowball, the animals overthrow their human oppressors and free themselves from humanity. With his new freedom Napoleon craves power and expels Snowball. He becomes the dictator of Animal Farm and makes the farm a place whereRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1360 Words à |à 6 Pagesquestion minus the answer.â⬠In George Orwellââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Animal Farmâ⬠, the author raises the question whether the type of government, communism, is feasible in a community without leading to a type of dictatorship or totalitarianism. Orwell presents the idea that communism is a good idea in theory, but it always leads to corruption by the people who take power. The author presents the novel as an entertaining fable featuring an animal revolution; however, beneath this storyline Orwell utilizes literary devicesRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1403 Words à |à 6 PagesGeorge Orwell believes ââ¬Å"What you get over and over again is a movement of the proletaria t which is promptly characterized and betrayed by astute people at the top and then the growth of a new governing class. The one thing that never arrives is equalityâ⬠(Letemendia 1). Orwell simply loathes revolution and thinks it is unfair to the majority, for the people. He thinks that while individuals change, the people in power are always corrupt and they will corrupt any attempt at change. He communicates
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Winter Sonata as the pioneer of Hanryu Free Essays
I agree that Winter Sonata is the pioneer of Henrys. Like the article describes, Winter Sonata contain different elements which catch the eyeballs of middle aged women. The ââ¬Ëpure loveââ¬â¢ plots, the romantic and slow-paced scenes and the choice of actors blended and created a chemistry action which provide rooms for the audience to fantasize and envision themselves in the scenes of the drama. We will write a custom essay sample on Winter Sonata as the pioneer of Hanryu or any similar topic only for you Order Now Winter Sonata not only fulfills the sensational needs of the middle aged women, but also fulfills their psychological needs. While they are enjoying the beautiful scenery in the television screen, at the same time they can be satisfied with their hidden desire, as the writer pointed out. I think this is the largest attraction to the audience, as the drama triggers their imagination. They can feel excited but comfortable when imagining their own stories in their safety zone, where they can forget the reality. Freshness is also an important element of Korean dramas that attracts Japanese. I think that this can be also applied to Hong Kong audience. As the plots and themes of local Hong Kong mainstream drama are always alike, audiences can easily predict the flow and ending of the dramas. While Hong Kong audiences are bored by the similar stories, Korea dramas provide them with different themes, scenes and cinematographic techniques, which can increase their interest in these foreign dramas. Besides freshness, the original Watching dramasââ¬â¢ habit of Hong Kong people also help enhancing the import of Korean dramas to Hong Kong. Knowing that many Hong Kong audiences are addicted to dramas, paid television companies have set up many channels which are specially for playing different dramas day and night. Therefore, there are great demands for buying dramas from other countries, as there are not enough local drama productions to fulfill the request of different audiences. Teenagers build forums and groups for particular drama through internet in order to provide platforms for discussing and sharing with other audiences. However middle aged women seldom take the initiative to act like the teenagers, as they may not be good users of computer. But still, I think the avid middle aged women fans can give an impetus to promotion of Korean drama, by creating a frenzy of watching Korea drama day and night and discussing the content with their neighbor. The mania of diddle aged women rise the attention by the mass media successfully, which help Winter Sonata gain famous and increase the interest of other people to discover the fascination of it by watching this drama. The products related to Korea entertainment industry also help expanding the Henrys. The products like, photos, calendar and key chains of popular idols and props which were used in famous dramas were purchased by the fervent fans all over the world. Stores were set up in Monks in Hong Kong which were specialized in selling these Henrys products and Shin-Kobo in Japan become ââ¬Ëa small Korean city, which is famous for the Korean assistants and the stores selling idol products. These reflect that people in most of the East Asian countries are putting their focus on the Korean trend. Fans are pursuing fast and new idol products while merchandisers are finding the commercial potential in Korea entertainment industry in order to make profit. Henrys becomes more important in some of the peopleââ¬â¢s living. Using Winter Sonataââ¬â¢ as the example, the article brings out that the sweeping of Korean popular culture through East Asian countries can improve the inter-country relationships. The research pointed out that he perceptions of Korean by Japanese can be changed after watching a Korean drama, as they can know more about the recent Korea imperceptibly. Becoming more familiar with Korean things, they are more willing to take the initiative to learn more about Korea. For example, they search the Korea places where scenes of drama were took place through internet, and they plan their own trip to Korea, in order to collect first-hand information about Korea by their own experiences. Thus, the blank parts of Korean in Japaneseââ¬â¢s mind are replaced with different new and trendy Korean knowledge, which may learn from different Korean culture. The research also spotted that though the image of South Korea is growing more positive, there is no change on the perception to North Korea. Besides the negative news reported in Japanese media, I think the settings in South Korean drama may also contribute on imputing bad images of North Korea in Japanese mind. North Korea is often playing an evil- doer in most South Korea drama, for example in a popular drama ââ¬ËIrisââ¬â¢, the secret organization which aim to destroy South Korea by nuclear weapon is started by North Korea government. By the exaggeration in mass media, Japanese have an even worse impression on North Korea. After reading this article, I think the soft power of South Korea give much contribution to her raising world status. Not only has she had flourishing Korean entertainment, her technology development on gadgets are also widely adopted in many countries, like Samsung products and mobile applications. All these Korean pop culture are penetrating through many countries by different forms, entering many peopleââ¬â¢s daily life, thus building up favorable impression to other countries. Under the globalizes world, local culture can easily passed to other countries by internet or international companies. For example, Sys and Girlââ¬â¢s Generationââ¬â¢s music videos are always being played on the Samsung television in many electric appliance selling stores. Therefore, Korea popular culture is more exposed to the world and increases her acceptance by other countries. Undoubtedly, Henrys has improved the mutual understating between Korea and other countries, like increasing the mutual understanding between Japan and Korea. However, though South Korea now is having a great soft power, I think it can only influence other countries culturally and economically, but not politically. A good cultural relationship between two countries may not be able to improve the political relationship of them as well. Take the dispute on Tasmania between Japan and Korea, both countries are having normal cultural relationship, but when tackling conflict which affect their sovereignty and own interests, the advantage of having good cultural relationship is Just negligible. Both countries will defend their own interest and cultural relationship will not be under their consideration. How to cite Winter Sonata as the pioneer of Hanryu, Papers
Sunday, May 3, 2020
Analysis of Soft Drink Industry
Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Soft Drink Industry. Answer: Introduction: Coca cola and PepsiCo are the major players of soft drink industry in South Africa. Coca cola dominates the market with a market capitalization of around 30 percent higher than PepsiCos (DAFF, 2014). Coca cola dominates the market by investing heavily into the advertising and campaigns to increase its social visibility (Statista, 2010). Coca colas share a coke campaign spurted the sales and market growth of the company in a diversified country like South Africa (CCRED, 2015). The company has connected with the consumer through its relationship marketing (CNB Africa, 2014). Further, there are small players who have also witnessed growth in their volume sales through their low price strategy. Further, the industry has also witnessed introduction of new flavors in the market with the increasing demand of the consumer. The soft drink companies have introduced innovative flavors to offer a wider range of products to the consumer to differentiate themselves. Other important players of the industry are red bull, mountain dew, pepsi, 7up, fanta, dr. pepper and vitamin water. Coke is the leader in terms of market share followed by red bull leads, mountain dew and pepsi. Porters National Diamond Model Porters Diamond Model provides a method to explain national competitive advantage of a country. Porter developed this model to analyze the international competitiveness of countries and evaluate how a country becomes successful in a specific industry (Porter, 2011). The model aims to evaluate the characteristics of the country in order to assess the firms achievements and success across the globe. The model suggests that the characteristics and attributes of the country affect the success and growth of the firm internationally. There are six elements of Porters National Diamond Model which assesses the national competitiveness which includes factor (input) conditions, demand conditions, government, related and supporting industries, chance and firm strategy, structure and rivalry (Porter, 2011). The home country which is taken for analysis affects the companys strategies and provides a direction to build its structure. Factor Conditions Factor conditions account for the availability of the resources within South Africa which includes human resources, physical infrastructure, administrative infrastructure, capital resources, information infrastructure, scientific and technological infrastructure and natural resources. Human Resources: Human resource contributes towards the cost of production of soft drinks in the manufacturing process. Therefore, the factors to be considered are cost, quality and availability of unskilled labor, cost, quality and availability of skilled labor, administration cost for management of skilled labors and merchandising cost. South Africa has abundance of unskilled labor but the production cost is constraining the competitiveness because of unavailability of quality skilled labor and high cost of labor in South Africa (The Economist, 2014). Physical infrastructure: South Africa lacks the quality and availability of proper physical infrastructure facilities which are required by the industry (Deloitte, 2013). Physical infrastructure is very essential for the set up of production process and operational process, thus, lack of a physical infrastructure would be a hindrance for the entrance of the company. Administrative infrastructure: The cost of administrative infrastructure is very high in South Africa which would adversely affect the company (Rooyen, Esterhuizen Stroebel, 2011). Administrative set up is again an importance parameter for the long term sustainability of the firm. Capital resources: Capital resources such as loans and finance are very essential to set up the company operations in a foreign market. South Africa lacks sufficient capital resources which would hinder the establishment of the company (Rooyen, Esterhuizen Stroebel, 2011). Information infrastructure: Information regarding the markets and suppliers are required to enter any new market so as to analyze the market favorable conditions and cost of production. The cost of information infrastructure is very high in South Africa (Rooyen, Esterhuizen Stroebel, 2011). Scientific and technological infrastructure: The cost of technology is very high and constrains the growth of soft drinks industry. The quality of the scientific infrastructure does not have a great impact on the industry but it is not easily available in the country (Rooyen, Esterhuizen Stroebel, 2011). Natural resources: The natural resources are present in South Africa, though not in abundant quantity, but support the production of the soft drinks (Rooyen, Esterhuizen Stroebel, 2011). Thus, the overall factor conditions do not provide a great support to the soft drink industry in South Africa. Demand Conditions The demand conditions indicate the need and requirement of the companys product or service in the country which include market demand and size, potential market and overall market growth and sophistication. Market size of South Africa does not support the industry and constraints the industry. The market growth would help to analyze the future perspective of the industry. The market growth has been estimated to grow at a CAGR of 3.8 percent during 2016-2021 which would support the company. The market information is easily available for South African market with low cost and great quality. The quality of products also supports the soft drink industry in the country with the increasing average income of the people in the country (Toit, 2006). Also, South Africa is one the most sophisticated market in the African continent which positively affects the industry. The demand conditions favor the company to enter the market of South Africa because of estimated market growth for the next few years and availability of the market information. Related and Supporting industries Related and supporting industries provide the existence to the industry through cost-effective processes, innovation and internationalization. Soft drinks industry requires suppliers and partners for packaging and bottling of the soft drinks. Financial institutions presence provides capital sources to the industry, which is present in the country. The presence of financial institutions supports the ongoing operations in the soft drinks industry. The research institutions support the development of new products as per the customer demand. The presence of research institutions in South Africa supports for research and development activity within the industry. South Africa also has abundance of transport companies to ensure proper logistics and transportation of the soft drinks and carry out the supply chain activities effectively. The other basic necessities such as electricity are also available in South Africa to support the day to day operations of the industry. The suppliers for soft drink industry are also present in the country to support the bottling and other related processes of manufacturing and production. Thus, related and supporting industries support the soft drink industry in South Africa. Context for firm strategy, structure and rivalry This factor assesses the parameters of company which includes their goals and objectives, management and structure, policies and regulations. The presence of competitive firms also affects the industry because it triggers product innovation for the sustainability of the firm. The soft drink industry has many players in South Africa such as Coca cola, pepsi, mountain dew, red bull, fanta and others. This creates tough competition within the industry which has led to the invention of innovative products such as flavored soft drinks. South Africas sound legal system and strong investor and property protection supports the existence of soft drinks industry in the country by providing them the land and infrastructure for the manufacturing and production of the soft drinks. Further, South Africa has a great connectivity with the international markets which is again a positive influence on the industry (South African Consulate General, 2017). Restriction on capital flow and strong labor union is also a positive influence on the strategy of the firm. Though, there is a threat of substitutes and new entrants because of emerging small players in the soft drink industry who have introduced flavor drinks to provide a substitute of the soft drinks. Thus, overall factors have a positive influence on the strategy, structure and rivalry of the companies in the country. Government Support The government support has a strong influence on the sustainability of the firms of soft drinks because a government can either promote or hinder the activities of the firms. The government decisions and policies affect the consumer demand of the country which affects the overall industrial growth. PESTEL analysis would clarify the impact of government on soft drink industry. South Africa is going through political crisis because of corruption allegations charged on the countrys President Jacob Zuma. Further, the Finance Minister has filed an affidavit regarding some suspicious transactions (Gaffey, 2016). These events have destabilized the country which affects the businesses very adversely. Further, the soft drink industry is affected by the countrys demography because consumption of soft drink is high for children and youngsters. South Africa has 30 percent younger population below the age of 15 which influences the soft drink business positively (Statistics South Africa, 2014). South Africa is facing an economic crisis with decreasing currency rates. The Reserve Bank is intentionally keeping the currency low which is affecting the environment for businesses. The economic scenario of the country is effecting the business decision of the companies such as expansion of the business has become a costly affair with a high exchange rate (The World Bank, 2017). Thus economic instability of the country adversely affects the business operations of the companies of soft drink industry. The decreasing currency of the country has an impact on the buying capacity of the people of South Africa. Further, increasing unemployment has also lowered the demand in the country. Though, the country has become more sophisticated with the social upliftment of society and people are moving towards living high standards of life. This is a positive factor for the soft drink industry, but there is also a tension of rising obesity and overweight in the country. Obesity and overweight leads to diseases such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The cause of these diseases has been found to be sugared drinks which lead to obesity and excess weight. Therefore, the socio-cultural factors give us a mixed opinion about the soft drink industry. The soft drinks contain added sugar and preservatives which affects the health of the consumers and leads to obesity and other health issues. The rising obesity in the country has forced the government to take some preventive action to reduce the consumption of carbonated drinks (Business Tech, 2015). The government has imposed sugar tax on the sugared products which adversely affects the soft drinks industry (Rensburg, 2016). Further, the government is also taking measures such as food advertising regulations and enhanced food labeling to reduce the consumption of soft drinks. Chance Chance is the risk factor for an industry which is beyond the control of the firm. This includes economic and political stability, aids, price stability and crimes. The economy of the South Africa has seen ups and downs in the recent years. The countrys political stability has a positive influence on the sustainability of the company. The country has a record of high crime rate which affects the overall growth of the company. Further, there is no aid and support in case of any war or conflict in the country. Thus, there is a great amount of risk involved for the soft drink industry in South Africa because of unstable economy and rising crimes. Foreign Direct Investment A company can enter a market through non-equity mode or equity mode. Non-equity mode is through licensing, exporting and contracting. Equity mode is also called foreign direct investment (FDI) method which involves merging and acquisition with the established businesses in the market (Dunning Gugler, 2008). The company makes investment by acquiring the assets of the company to establish its control or substantial influence over the business. As per the guidelines of the OECD acquiring a minimum of 10 percent ownership stake is required by the company (Dunning Gugler, 2008. Joint venture and wholly owned subsidiary are the two different methods for a company for foreign direct investment. Joint venture is the collaboration of two business parties by pooling their resources to pursue a common objective. JV formation is the common strategy used by the companies to enter a foreign established market to expand their business operations internationally. Joint venture gives access to the existing sales and distribution network of the country (Prescott Swartz, 2010). SoftBev is a local soft drink of South Africa and has established a strong hold over the market through market penetration. The companys capital is approximately R650m after merging with a local player (Drink Stuff, 2014). The company has its own production plant in South Africa and is manufactured and packaged locally. Further, it provides quality products and services to its customers (Softbev, 2016). The company could form a joint venture by partnering with the local manufacturer Softbev brand to establish its strong hold over the market. The company would benefit by partnering with the local company in terms of accessibility of market. The company would gain an access to the domestic market from the distribution network of the SoftBev. The company would be able to establish a trust factor among the consumers by partnering with a local firm because SoftBev has already established its own trust in the market. Further, the company would also gain access to the domestic suppliers which would assist the company to set up its own production operations in the country to maintain its sustainability. The company could gradually start its own production house once it has gained access to the market suppliers and distributors. Thus, the company would benefit from the partnership with the domestic firm. Green field investment is another mode of foreign direct investment through which a company builds up its entire operations from the ground in the foreign company. The company has the complete control over the business from plant construction to employee policy and regulations the specifications are laid out by the company (Shenkar, Luo, Chi, 2014). Acquisition is another FDI strategy in which company acquires certain shares of the company to establish substantial control over the company (Bruner, 2016). Advantages of Foreign Direct Investment It is better to understand the advantages of FDI for the company and the country before taking any step to make a major investment. The benefits of FDI are enjoyed after a long period by capturing the new market and accessing cheaper production facilities. The company and country both enjoy the benefits mutually wherein the country benefits from the transfer of technology and expertise from an advanced country. Joint venture formation with SoftBev would give access to the local market resources of South Africa (Brand South Africa, 2011). The company would gain through market penetration and establish its own market. Further, through a joint venture with SoftBev, the company would enjoy the existing distribution network of SoftBev in South Africa. The companies forming a JV would complement each other by offsetting each others weaknesses and forming a stronger company by maintaining their individual identities (Trost, 2013). The Green field investment strategy would help the company to reduce its transportation cost by setting up its own production plant in South Africa (CFO Africa, 2016). The tariff barriers would also be eliminated from the cost of product which would increase the firms profitability (Lee Rugman, 2012). Through mergers and acquisition with SoftBev, the company would get an opportunity to gather the information on the domestic markets of South Africa. The company would now be able to develop strategies to tap the local market by gaining better insight of the existing market (Finkelstein, 2010). Disadvantages of FDI It becomes difficult for a firm to roll back its process and projects after deploying Green field investment in the country and can also be financially devastating. Green field investment also demands huge amount of money and time for the research and development process to evaluate the feasibility of entering the foreign market (Shenkar, Luo, Chi, 2014). Acquisition process requires borrowing of money which increases the company debts. Culture clash is another disadvantage of acquiring a company (Finkelstein, 2010). Formation of a joint venture is time consuming because it takes time to build a relationship with another business entity such. The goals and objectives in a JV are also not clearly communicated which affects the productivity of work (Trost, 2013). JV formation with SoftBev would disturb the balancing the level of expertise within the company by partnering with another business unit. Integrating two different business units is a challenging job because of different management and leadership styles incorporated within the company (Trost, 2013). A successful joint venture would require deep research and analysis of the goals and objectives of the company. Recommendations After, thoroughly analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of FDI, following can be concluded: Green field investment would require huge amount of money and time for research and development to evaluate the feasibility. Further, setting up operations in a foreign country from the ground level becomes very challenging. Acquisition would also not be a wise choice because it would increase the liability of the company and checking the financial security and credibility of a firm would again waste huge amount of time. The company needs a strategy which does not require investment of money, manpower and time and also has an exit strategy to refrain from future risks. Though Joint Venture also has some disadvantages but is the most preferred option for the company to expand its business internationally. The company could go for a joint venture with one of the local firm which has been analyzed as SoftBev. SoftBev is one of the largest firms of South Africa and has a huge consumer base. Joint venture formation with SoftBev would give access to the local market resources of South Africa (Brand South Africa, 2011). The company would gain through market penetration and establish its own market. Further, through a joint venture with SoftBev, the company would enjoy the existing distribution network of SoftBev in South Africa. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the company chooses Joint Venture with the local firm of South Africa which has been identified as SoftBev. Contemporary Management Issues After a thorough analysis of the soft drink industry in South Africa, there are two contemporary management issues which have been derived. Unfavorable factor conditions: Factor conditions would support the growth of the company by providing human resources, infrastructure, technology, information and natural resources. South Africa has abundance of unskilled labor, but does not have sufficient skilled labor, which is essential for production process. Further, the cost of administrative labor is too high. Unavailability of the human resources would increase the overall cost of production. South Africa also lacks physical infrastructure facilities which would not support the establishment of production and operational processes in the country. The high cost of administration, information and technology would hinder the development of the company in the country. The unfavorable factor conditions would not support the establishment of the companys production and operational processes. If the company plans to set up its operations in the country then the high cost of production and administration would hinder the overall growth of the company. Foreign Direct Investment: A Costly Affair FDI may seem to be a lucrative choice for the company but there are many risks involved in foreign direct investment. First of all, selection of a FDI methodology is a costly affair because it would involve research and analysis of all the methodologies. Once the methodology has been selected, then selecting the appropriate local partner would be very challenging. The company needs to choose the right partner who has the required resources that would complement the companys resources. The resources for a soft drink industry are distribution network and market accessibility, production facilities and manpower (Yan Luo, 2016). The next thing that company needs to access is the performance of JV partner and their perception about collaboration. Further, the company needs to check the financial security of the partner to analyze the credit issues of the JV partner. The management practices also need to be reviewed by the company. Reviewing the production and marketing performance would help to analyze the market credibility of the joint venture partner (Yan Luo, 2016). The company also needs to consider an exit strategy in order to protect company once the mission is achieved. The terms and conditions need to be considered by each firm to avoid any misunderstanding in the future. Greenfield investment would again be a costly affair because setting up operations in a new country requires research and analysis to create suppliers and distributing partners. References Brand South Africa. (2011). South Africa has investment advantage. Brand South Africa: Official Custodian of South Africas Nation Brand. Retrieved from: https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/investments-immigration/business/investing/sainnvestment-030611 Bruner, R.F. 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